History of Reykjavik: From Viking Settlement to Capital City

Once a humble fishing village, Reykjavik has blossomed into a radiant fusion of time-worn heritage and contemporary innovation.As Iceland´s vibrant capital city, the convergence of history, literature, and culture is ever-present in the cobbled streets and colourful facades that hallmark Reykjavik´s identity.For those enticed by the land of fire and ice, the capital gently whispers its narrative through art, architecture, and the indomitable spirit of its people.

Threaded in the fabric of Reykjavik lies a multifaceted tale that intrigues and invites you to explore further.

Venture into the heart of Iceland´s capital city with our comprehensive guide, "Turning Pages in Reykjavik: Writing the History of Iceland´s Capital".Unravel Reykjavik´s rich historical tapestry as we delve into its formation, cultural transformations, and literary influences that have shaped its ever-evolving identity.Allow the spirit of Reykjavik to spark your curiosity, and embark on a journey through time as you uncover the history of Iceland´s capital.

Foundations: From settlement to city

Reykjavik´s journey begins with the arrival of Ingólfur Arnarson, the first permanent Norse settler, in the year 874. According to the Landnámabók (Book of Settlements), Ingólfur was guided by the gods to the site that would later become Reykjavik by following the smoke emitted from steam vents.

The name Reykjavik itself is derived from two Icelandic words, ‘Reykja’,meaning ‘smoke’, and ‘Vik’, referring to a ‘cove’ or ‘bay’.

While the area initially remained a small cluster of farms, developing a trading port in the 18th century sparked Reykjavik´s gradual transformation into a bustling urban centre.

Literary capital: Fostering intellectual enlightenment

The 19th century saw the emergence of Reykjavik as a focal point of European cultural exchange and knowledge dissemination.In the early 1800s, the establishment of key institutions, such as the national library (now the National and University Library), the Latin school (later the University of Iceland), and the printworks (now the National Museum of Iceland), paved the way for an atmosphere of intellectual inauguration.This era of enlightenment was catalysed by prominent Icelandic scholars and advocates, such as Jón Sigurðsson, who dedicated themselves to educating their fellow citizens and promoting

Icelandic independence.

The strive for independence: An emergent national identity

Reykjavik´s cultural metamorphosis went hand-in-hand with Iceland´s political struggle.The latter half of the 19th century saw the birth of a powerful national movement driven by the ideals of self-governance and emancipation from Danish rule.In 1874, the first step towards autonomy was secured as Denmark granted Iceland its constitution.The lively streets of Reykjavik became a symbol of the island´s emergent national pride, serving as a hub for political discourseand civil engagement.Finally, on June 17th, 1944, Iceland attained full independence, with

Reykjavik becoming the natural choice for the fledgling nation´s capital. If you are planning to visit, our guide to Icelandic etiquette covers the cultural norms and unwritten rules that will help you feel at home.

Architecture through the ages: Reykjavik´s built environment

The cityscape of Reykjavik offers a vibrant narrative through its distinctive blend of architectural styles and periods.From turf houses to Nordic functionalism, Reykjavik´s buildings reveal the

phases of the city´s evolution and cultural influences.Among Reykjavik´s most notable landmarks is Hallgrímskirkja, a modernist church designed by architect Guðjón Samúelsson.Inspired by the basalt columns formed by Iceland´s volcanic activity, this striking edifice is a prime example of the city´s creative relationship with its surrounding landscapes.

Reykjavik´s neighbourhoods are adorned with colourful corrugated metal houses, originally inspired by practical considerations for insulating against the harsh Icelandic winters.Rich in both form and function, these vivid homes add a unique charm to the city, becoming an essential facet of its character.

Reykjavík today: The pulse of Iceland´s future

The Reykjavik of today is a living testament to its multifaceted history, marrying tradition with innovation to create a thriving cosmopolitan centre.The capital serves as a hub for Iceland´s burgeoning arts, music, and culinary scenes while retaining its role as a country-wide cultural nexus.Landmarks such as Harpa, the iconic concert hall designed by artist Ólafur Elíasson, and festivals like the Reykjavik International Film Festival demonstrate the city's contemporary embrace of creativity and artistic expression.

As public opinion shifts toward sustainability and environmental stewardship, Reykjavik has adapted by tapping into its renewable energy sources. Harnessing the power of geothermal and hydroelectric resources, the city is committed to reducing its carbon footprint and becoming an exemplar of ecologically responsible urban planning.Throughout the centuries, Reykjavik has evolved from humble beginnings to a pulsating epicentre of history, culture, and forward-thinking vision. The city´s timeline is one of inspiration, dedication, and resilience, with echoes of its past resonating with its present ambitions.Reykjavik´s intriguing transformation narrates the story of a capital united by the force of its people and their unwavering pursuit of progress, an indomitable spirit that lives on in the streets and the hearts of all who tread them.

Embark on an unforgettable journey through Reykjavik´s storied past as you unearth the historical gems that have moulded the city into the vibrant capital it is today.

Satiate your curiosity for all things Icelandic by exploring Reykjavik´s timeline of cultural milestones, political milestones, and architectural wonders.With Slice of Iceland, you can dive deep into the city´s tapestry of intrigue and enchantment, savouring every facet of its unique heritage.

Capture the essence of Reykjavik´s history by booking your personalised Iceland tour with Slice of Iceland today.

Embrace the opportunity to immerse yourself in the spirit of the city and to gain an authentic insight into the captivating narrative that has shaped the heart of the world´s northernmost capital.

Frequently Asked Questions About Reykjavik

When was Reykjavik founded?

Reykjavik was founded in 874 AD when Norse settler Ingólfur Arnarson arrived on the southwest coast of Iceland. He is recorded in the Landnámabók (Book of Settlements) as Iceland's first permanent resident. The settlement began as a small cluster of farms before growing into a trading port in the 18th century.

What does the name Reykjavik mean?

Reykjavik comes from two Icelandic words: 'Reykja', meaning smoke, and 'Vik', meaning cove or bay. The name refers to the steam rising from the geothermal hot springs that Ingólfur Arnarson would have seen on arrival. The city is still heated almost entirely by geothermal energy today.

When did Iceland become independent?

Iceland declared full independence on 17 June 1944, ending centuries of Danish rule. Reykjavik became the capital of the new republic. The date is now celebrated as Iceland's National Day and is marked with outdoor festivities across the country, particularly in central Reykjavik.

What is Hallgrímskirkja and why is it famous?

Hallgrímskirkja is a Lutheran church and the tallest building in Iceland, standing 74.5 metres tall on the hill above central Reykjavik. It was designed by architect Guðjón Samúelsson, who modelled its stepped facade on the basalt lava columns found across Iceland. Construction ran from 1945 to 1986. The tower offers panoramic views over the city and is one of the most photographed landmarks in the country.

Is Reykjavik the world's northernmost capital?

Yes. Reykjavik sits at 64°08'N latitude, making it the world's northernmost capital city. Despite its latitude, the Gulf Stream keeps temperatures milder than many cities at similar latitudes. Average winter temperatures hover around 0°C rather than the deep freeze many visitors expect.

How long has Reykjavik been the capital of Iceland?

Reykjavik has been the administrative centre of Iceland since 1786, when it received its municipal charter. It became the official capital of the Republic of Iceland on independence in 1944. Today it is home to around 140,000 people, which is approximately 40% of Iceland's entire population.